Municipal Waste Management Rules: The Kazakhstan Approach
On approval of the rules for managing municipal waste dated December 28, 2021 No. 508
Unofficial translation by Rinat Utebaliyev
In accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 365 of the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan,
I ORDER:
1. Approve the attached Municipal Waste Management Rules.
2. The Department of State Waste Management Policy of the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural
Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in accordance with the procedure established by the
legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, shall ensure:
1) state registration of this order with the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
2) placement of this order on the Internet resource of the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural
Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
3) within ten working days after the state registration of this order, submission to the Legal Service
Department of the Ministry of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan
information on the implementation of the measures provided for in subparagraphs 1) and 2) of this
paragraph.
3. To impose control over the execution of this order on the supervising vice-minister of ecology,
geology and natural resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
4. This order shall enter into force ten calendar days after its official publication.
Acting Minister of Minister of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan A. Primkulov
"AGREED"
Ministry of Industry and Infrastructure Development
Republic of Kazakhstan
"AGREED"
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan
"AGREED"
Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Kazakhstan
"AGREED"
Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Annexe to the order Acting Minister of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 28, 2021 No. 508
Municipal Waste Management Rules
Chapter 1. General Provisions
1. These Rules for the management of municipal waste (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) are developed in accordance with subparagraph 1) of paragraph 2 of Article 365 of the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter referred to as the Code) and determine the procedure for managing municipal waste.
2. The following definitions apply in these Rules:
1) municipal waste is the following consumption waste:
mixed waste and separately collected household waste, including but not limited to paper and cardboard, glass, metals, plastics, organic waste, wood, textiles, packaging, used electrical and electronic equipment, batteries and accumulators;
mixed waste and separately collected waste from other sources if such waste is similar in nature and composition to household waste.
Municipal waste does not include waste from production, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, septic tanks and sewerage, as well as from sewage treatment plants, including sewage sludge released from operating vehicles or construction waste;
2) municipal solid waste - municipal waste in solid form;
3) consumer waste - waste generated as a result of human activity, products and (or) products that have completely or partially lost their consumer properties, their packaging and other substances or their residues, the shelf life or operation of which has expired regardless of their state of aggregation, as well as from which the owner independently physically disposed of, or documented transferred to the category of consumer waste;
4) container sites - special sites for the accumulation of municipal waste, on which containers for the collection of municipal waste are placed, with access roads for specialized vehicles transporting municipal waste;
5) specialized organizations - individual entrepreneurs or legal entities engaged in the collection, sorting, transportation, recovery and (or) disposal of municipal waste.
Chapter 2. Procedure for managing municipal waste
3. In accordance with Article 327 of the Code, specialized organizations are obliged to carry out relevant operations in such a way that they do not create a threat of harm to life and (or) health of people, environmental damage, and, in particular, without:
1) risk for waters, including underground, atmospheric air, soils, flora and fauna;
2) negative impact on landscapes and specially protected natural areas.
4. Local executive bodies, in accordance with paragraph 2 and paragraph 4 of Article 367 of the Code, organize a centralized system for the collection of municipal solid waste (hereinafter referred to as MSW) through a competition (tender) to determine the participants in the MSW market that collect and transport municipal solid waste, in accordance with the Code, Chapter 4 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Public Procurement" and these Rules.
5. Separate collection of municipal waste is carried out in accordance with the requirements for the separate collection of waste, including the types or groups (set of types) of waste subject to mandatory separate collection, taking into account technical, economic and environmental feasibility, approved by order of the Acting Minister of Ecology, Geology and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 2, 2021 No. 482 (registered in the Register of State Registration of Regulatory Legal Acts No. 25595).
6. Separate collection is carried out for the following fractions:
1) "dry" (paper, cardboard, metal, plastic and glass);
2) "wet" (food waste, organic matter, etc.).
7. The collection of the "dry" waste fraction can be carried out by organizing stationary and mobile waste collection points, including through automatic waste collection devices.
8. The removal of municipal waste is carried out according to the schedule.
To minimize the cost of transporting municipal waste, the minimum frequency of waste removal is adopted while meeting the established sanitary and environmental requirements.
When determining the frequency of removal, one should take into account the volume of municipal waste generation, their morphological composition, the type and number of containers used for collection (when collected through containers).
The municipal waste collection system is built to minimize fuel consumption, including but not limited to the following:
1) the routes of movement of vehicles are developed taking into account the minimization of distances and delays on the way;
2) The vehicles are regularly maintained, the tire pressure is maintained at the recommended level, and the waste pressing equipment is regularly serviced.
9. If municipal waste is collected separately, for each category (fraction, type) of waste, its own frequency of removal is determined.
10. In accordance with paragraph 6 of Article 365 of the Code, hazardous components of municipal waste (electronic and electrical equipment, mercury-containing waste, batteries, accumulators and other hazardous components) must be collected separately and transferred to specialized organizations for recovery.
According to paragraph 1 of Article 336 of the Code, specialized organizations for the performance of work (provision of services) for the processing, neutralization, utilization and (or) destruction of hazardous waste receive a license to perform work and provide services in the field of environmental protection for the relevant subtype of activity.
11. Personnel involved in the collection of municipal waste are instructed and trained in the safe handling of containers and municipal waste, as well as in the correct operation of the equipment to collect municipal waste.
Also, the personnel is provided with personal protective equipment (gloves, specialized clothing, goggles, shoes, and, if necessary, respirators) in accordance with labour protection requirements.
12. In accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 368 of the Code, the subjects entrepreneurs that carry out activities for the transportation of solid waste, when providing the relevant services, comply with the following:
1) use specially equipped vehicles designed for transporting solid waste;
2) equip the vehicles specified in subparagraph 1) of this paragraph with satellite navigation systems connected to the information system "National Data Bank on the State of the Environment and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan", and maintain these systems constantly in working order;
3) conclude contracts with owners of solid waste;
4) comply with the requirements of the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
13. Data from satellite navigation systems for tracking the movement of vehicles transporting solid waste are included in the subsection of the information system "National data bank on the state of the environment and natural resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan", organized by the authorized body in the field of environmental protection in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 368 of the Code.
14. Requirements for the transportation of solid waste, painting, supplying with special distinctive signs and equipment of vehicles, as well as for loading and unloading operations are established by the national standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan, included in the list approved by the authorized body in the field of environmental protection in accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 368 Code.
15. In accordance with paragraph 6 of Article 367 of the Code, when independently removing municipal waste, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs are required to comply with the requirements of the Code, as well as conclude agreements with business entities that process and (or) dispose of municipal waste.
16. In accordance with paragraph 7 of Article 367 of the Code, subjects enterprises engaged in the collection and transportation of solid waste, or the owner of the waste, carrying out independent removal of solid waste, ensure the delivery of such waste to business entities engaged in the restoration of solid waste.
17. When transporting municipal waste, it is not allowed to compact it in excess of the maximum allowable compaction value established by the contract for the provision of services for the collection and transportation of municipal waste.
18. Individuals and legal entities engaged in the construction and (or) repair of immovable objects must independently remove construction and bulky waste to specially designated places.
19. Local executive bodies of districts, cities of the district and regional significance, cities of republican significance, the capital, villages, settlements, rural districts conduct information campaigns for the population to raise awareness of the rational system for the collection, disposal and processing of municipal waste, including the separate collection of secondary resources (raw materials), the prevention of unauthorized burning of municipal waste components (paper, plastic, organic waste, etc.) and the introduction of composting organic waste in the sector of individual residential development (private sector).
20. Local executive bodies of districts, cities of the district and regional significance, cities of republican significance, the capital allocate land plots for construction and (or) placement of facilities according to the management of municipal waste, including the arrangement of container sites and collection points for secondary raw materials, and ensure the registration of the boundaries of land plots.
21. Local executive bodies of districts, cities of the district and regional significance, cities of republican significance, the capital exercise control over the activities of individuals and legal entities in the field of municipal waste management within the respective territory.
22. When choosing municipal waste management technologies, priority is given to technologies that provide the final product of secondary raw materials available for use in technological processes as a feedstock or an additive to the main raw material.
23. When choosing technologies for the treatment of municipal waste, technologies for automated sorting of municipal waste are given priority.
24. When processing municipal waste, it is necessary to ensure the extraction of substances (waste) of hazard classes I and II from them in order to prevent their entry into new products, burial sites and (or) incineration of municipal waste.
25. Management of certain types of municipal waste:
1) Paper and cardboard waste management:
when collecting waste paper and cardboard, it is necessary to prevent the ingress of greases, organic solvents, fats, varnishes, paints, emulsions, chemicals and contaminants into them;
rooms for the accumulation of paper and cardboard waste are provided with moisture resistance and the exclusion of atmospheric influence;
paper and cardboard waste is transported by all means of transport;
recovery of paper and cardboard waste is carried out by physical, chemical and other methods for the production of new products (paper and cardboard, eco wool, building materials).
2) plastic waste management:
plastic waste should be stored indoors or outdoors on an insulated floor. When plastic waste accumulates in the open air, it is protected from unauthorized access, pollution or damage due to weather conditions using an insulating film;
plastic waste is transported by all modes of transport;
plastic waste recovery is carried out by specialized organizations using technologies and equipment that ensure the environmental safety of technological processes;
3) glass container waste management:
materials and substances polluting glass container waste (acids, alkalis, salts, organic solvents, paints, varnishes, mortars and others) are not placed on the accumulation site;
waste glass containers are transported by any means of transport with the adoption of measures aimed at preventing damage;
during transportation, loading and unloading of waste glass containers, measures should be taken to ensure their safety, protection from mechanical influences.
Restoration of waste glass containers is carried out subject to the requirements of safety for the environment:
preparation of waste glass containers for reuse (sorting, washing, processing);
mechanical and thermal methods with the production of new products (glass wool, glass containers, fibreglass, tiles and others);
4) management of mercury-containing waste:
handling of mercury-containing waste is regulated in accordance with the national standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan, included in the list approved by the authorized body in the field of environmental protection in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 380 of the Code;
collection and accumulation of mercury-containing waste is carried out in specially equipped containers for collecting mercury-containing waste in accordance with the national standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan, included in the list approved by the authorized body in the field of environmental protection in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 380 of the Code;
an individual entrepreneur or legal entity, regardless of the form of ownership and departmental affiliation, as the owner of mercury-containing waste when choosing a specialized enterprise ensures the exclusion of sanitary-epidemiological and environmental risks during transportation, by ensuring the minimum movement of waste from the source of their formation to the place of the processing;
specialized organizations for the processing (demercurization) of mercury-containing waste must have a license to perform work and provide services in the field of environmental protection in accordance with Article 336 of the Code;
lamps that do not contain mercury are subject to separate collection and processing along with mercury-containing lamps due to the presence of hazardous components in their design and the ban on the acceptance of glass and plastic to landfills in accordance with subparagraphs 10), 12), 13) and 14) paragraph 1 of Article 351 of the Code.
The End.